Friday, March 27, 2009

四聖諦 [各辭典的解釋]

<--- 陳義孝佛學常見辭彙 --->
四聖諦
又名四真諦,或四諦法,即苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦。苦諦是說明人生多苦的真理,人生有三苦,八苦,無量諸苦,苦是現實宇宙人生的真相;集諦的集是集起的意思,是說明人生的痛苦是怎樣來的真理,人生的痛苦是由於凡夫自身的愚痴無明,和貪欲瞋恚等煩惱的掀動,而去造作種種的不善業,結果才會招集種種的痛苦;滅諦是說明涅槃境界才是多苦的人生最理想最究竟的歸宿的真理,因涅槃是常住、安樂、寂靜的境界;道諦是說明人要修道才能證得涅槃的真理,道有多種,主要是指修習八正道。此四聖諦括盡了世出世間的兩重因果,集是因,苦是果,是迷界的因果;道是因,滅是果,是悟界的因果。茲列表說明如下:####                  世間的因果─┐## ↓## ┌苦 諦(迷的果,即苦果)┐##四 │集 諦(迷的因,即苦因)┘##聖─┤##諦 │滅 諦(悟的果,即樂果)┐## └道 諦(悟的因,即樂因)┘## ↑##                出世間的因果─┘##

<--- Eng-Ch-Eng dic of Buddhist terms --->
四聖諦
Four Noble Truths  四聖諦  It is the primary and fundamental doctrines of Shakyamuni   1.Doctrine of Suffering - suffering is a necessary attribute of sentient existence (Effect of Suffering)   2.Doctrine of Accumulation - accumulation of suffering is caused by passions (Cause of Suffering)   3.Doctrine of Extinction - extinction of passion (Effect of Happiness)   4.Doctrine of Path - Path leading to the extinction of passion (Cause of Happiness); i.e. Eightfold Path.   The first two are considered to be related to this life, and the last two to the life outside and beyond this world.  The Four Noble Truths were first preached to Shakyamuni's five former ascetic companions.
The "four noble truths" (a^rya-satya) which form the main content of the Buddha's first sermon given at Ba^ra^n!asi^. 【參照: 四諦】

<--- 法相辭典 --->
四聖諦
★瑜伽二十七卷十八頁雲:出世間道淨惑所緣復有四種:一、苦聖諦,二、集聖諦,三、滅聖諦,四、道聖諦。雲何苦聖諦?謂生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、怨憎會苦、愛別離苦、求不得苦,略說一切五取蘊苦,名苦聖諦。雲何集聖諦?謂若愛、若後有愛、若喜貪俱行愛、若彼彼喜樂愛等,名集聖諦。雲何滅聖諦?謂即此愛等無餘斷滅,名滅聖諦。雲何道聖諦?謂八支等聖道,名道聖諦。當知此中依黑品、白品果因建立,故建立四聖諦。謂苦諦是黑品果,集諦是黑品因;滅諦是白品果,道諦是白品因,能得能證故。又苦諦如病初,應遍知;集諦如病因緣,次應遠離;滅諦如無病,次應觸證;道諦如良藥,復應修習及多修習。又苦諦苦義,乃至道諦道義,是如是實,非不如實;是無顛倒,非是顛倒,故名為諦。又彼自相無有虛誑及見,彼故無倒覺轉,是故名諦。問:何故諸諦唯名聖諦?答:唯諸聖者,于是諸諦,同謂為諦,如實了知,如實觀見;一切愚夫,不如實知,不如實見。是故諸諦,唯名聖諦。又于愚夫,唯由法爾說名為諦,不由覺悟;于諸聖者,俱由二種。
★二解 辯中邊論中卷十頁雲:論曰:應知諦者,即四聖諦。一、苦聖諦,謂一切受及受資糧。契經中說:諸所有受,皆是苦故。受資糧者,謂順受法。二、集聖諦,謂即彼苦所因諸行。三、滅聖諦,謂前二種究竟寂滅。四、道聖諦,謂即苦集,能對治道。
★三解 集異門論六卷十二頁雲:四聖諦者,一、苦聖諦,二、苦集聖諦,三、苦滅聖諦,四、趣苦滅道聖諦。雲何苦聖諦?答:五取蘊,謂色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊,是名苦聖諦。雲何苦集聖諦?答:諸有漏因,是名苦集聖諦。雲何苦滅聖諦?答:擇滅無為,是名苦滅聖諦。雲何趣苦滅道聖諦?答:諸學法、無學法,是名趣苦滅道聖諦。

<--- 佛學大辭典 --->
四聖諦
(術語)苦集滅道之四諦也。為聖者所見之諦理,故名聖諦。又聖者正也,為正真之諦理,故名聖諦。涅經十二曰:“苦集滅道,是名四聖諦。”【參見: 四諦】

<--- Chin-Eng-Buddhist --->
四聖諦
The four holy or noble truths, idem 四諦.    [Soothill]

Foure Truths  四聖諦##It is the primary and fundamental doctrines of Shakyamuni ##1.Doctrine of Suffering - suffering is a necessary attribute of sentient existence (Effect of Suffering) ##2.Doctrine of Accumulation - accumulation of suffering is caused by passions (Cause of Suffering) ##3.Doctrine of Extinction - extinction of passion (Effect of Happiness) ##4.Doctrine of Path - Path leading to the extinction of passion (Cause of Happiness); i.e. Eightfold Path. ##The first two are considered to be related to this life, and the last two to the life outside and beyond this world.##The Four Noble Truths were first preached to Shakyamuni's five former ascetic companions.    [EngBuddhist]

<--- Soothill-Hodous Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms --->
四聖諦
The four holy or noble truths, idem 四諦.

<--- Various Buddhist --->
四聖諦
(術語)苦集滅道之四諦也。為聖者所見之諦理,故名聖諦。又聖者正也,為正真之諦理,故名聖諦。涅槃經十二曰:「苦集滅道,是名四聖諦。」【參見: 四諦】    [Dfb]

又名四真諦,或四諦法,即苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦。苦諦是說明人生多苦的真理,人生有三苦,八苦,無量諸苦,苦是現實宇宙人生的真相;集諦的集是集起的意思,是說明人生的痛苦是怎樣來的真理,人生的痛苦是由於凡夫自身的愚痴無明,和貪欲瞋恚等煩惱的掀動,而去造作種種的不善業,結果才會招集種種的痛苦;滅諦是說明涅槃境界才是多苦的人生最理想最究竟的歸宿的真理,因涅槃是常住、安樂、寂靜的境界;道諦是說明人要修道才能證得涅槃的真理,道有多種,主要是指修習八正道。此四聖諦括盡了世出世間的兩重因果,集是因,苦是果,是迷界的因果;道是因,滅是果,是悟界的因果。茲列表說明如下:####                  世間的因果─┐## ↓## ┌苦 諦(迷的果,即苦果)┐##四 │集 諦(迷的因,即苦因)┘##聖─┤##諦 │滅 諦(悟的果,即樂果)┐## └道 諦(悟的因,即樂因)┘## ↑##                出世間的因果─┘##    [ChenYi]

瑜伽二十七卷十八頁云:出世間道淨惑所緣復有四種:一、苦聖諦,二、集聖諦,三、滅聖諦,四、道聖諦。云何苦聖諦?謂生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、怨憎會苦、愛別離苦、求不得苦,略說一切五取蘊苦,名苦聖諦。云何集聖諦?謂若愛、若後有愛、若喜貪俱行愛、若彼彼喜樂愛等,名集聖諦。云何滅聖諦?謂即此愛等無餘斷滅,名滅聖諦。云何道聖諦?謂八支等聖道,名道聖諦。當知此中依黑品、白品果因建立,故建立四聖諦。謂苦諦是黑品果,集諦是黑品因;滅諦是白品果,道諦是白品因,能得能證故。又苦諦如病初,應遍知;集諦如病因緣,次應遠離;滅諦如無病,次應觸證;道諦如良藥,復應修習及多修習。又苦諦苦義,乃至道諦道義,是如是實,非不如實;是無顛倒,非是顛倒,故名為諦。又彼自相無有虛誑及見,彼故無倒覺轉,是故名諦。問:何故諸諦唯名聖諦?答:唯諸聖者,於是諸諦,同謂為諦,如實了知,如實觀見;一切愚夫,不如實知,不如實見。是故諸諦,唯名聖諦。又於愚夫,唯由法爾說名為諦,不由覺悟;於諸聖者,俱由二種。##二解 辯中邊論中卷十頁云:論曰:應知諦者,即四聖諦。一、苦聖諦,謂一切受及受資糧。契經中說:諸所有受,皆是苦故。受資糧者,謂順受法。二、集聖諦,謂即彼苦所因諸行。三、滅聖諦,謂前二種究竟寂滅。四、道聖諦,謂即苦集,能對治道。##三解 集異門論六卷十二頁云:四聖諦者,一、苦聖諦,二、苦集聖諦,三、苦滅聖諦,四、趣苦滅道聖諦。云何苦聖諦?答:五取蘊,謂色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊,是名苦聖諦。云何苦集聖諦?答:諸有漏因,是名苦集聖諦。云何苦滅聖諦?答:擇滅無為,是名苦滅聖諦。云何趣苦滅道聖諦?答:諸學法、無學法,是名趣苦滅道聖諦。    [FarShaung]

No comments:

Post a Comment