Monday, March 30, 2009

八正道 [各辭典的解釋]

 

<--- 陳義孝佛學常見辭彙 --->
八正道
又名八聖道,即八條聖者的道法。一、正見,即正確的知見。二、正思惟,即正確的思考。三、正語,即正當的言語。四、正業,即正當的行為。五、正命,即正當的職業。六、正精進,即正當的努力。七、正念,即正確的觀念。八、正定,即正確的禪定。修此八正道,可證得阿羅漢果。

<--- Eng-Ch-Eng dic of Buddhist terms --->
八正道
Eightfold Path  八正道  The eight right ways for the Arhat leading to Nirvana. The eight are:  (1) Right View  (2) Right Thought  (3) Right Speech  (4) Right Action  (5) Right Livelihood  (6) Right Effort  (7) Right Remembrance  (8) Right Concentration
The correct (noble) eightfold path, taught by S/a^kyamuni in his first sermon, and which remains one of the cornerstones of Buddhist practice. Also written 八聖道. Eight types of practices used in conjuction with each other to lead sentient beings to liberation. These are: (1) right view 正見; (2) right thought 正思惟, (3) right speech 正語; (4) right action 正業; (5) right livelihood 正命; (6) right effort 正精進; (7) right mindfulness 正念 and (8) right concentration 正定. (a^rya^s!t!a^n%go-ma^rgo)

<--- 佛光大辭典 --->
八正道
梵語a^rya^s!t!a^n%gika-ma^rga。八種求趣涅之正道。又作八聖道、八支正道、八聖道分、八道行、八直行、八正、八道、八支、八法、八路。乃三十七道品中,最能代表佛教之實踐法門,即八種通向涅解脫之正確方法或途徑。釋尊轉法輪時,所說離樂欲及苦行之二邊,趨向中道者,即指此八正道。八者即:(一)正見,又作諦見。即見苦是苦,集是集,滅是滅,道是道,有善惡業,有善惡業報,有此世彼世,有父母,世有真人往至善處,去善向善,于此世彼世自覺自證成就。(二)正思惟,又作正志、正分別、正覺或諦念。即謂無欲覺、恚覺及害覺。(三)正語,又作正言、諦語。即離妄言、兩舌、惡口、綺語等。(四)正業,又作正行、諦行。即離殺生、不與取等。(五)正命,又作諦受。即舍咒術等邪命,如法求衣服、飲食、床榻、湯藥等諸生活之具。(六)正精進,又作正方便、正治、諦法、諦治。發願已生之惡法令斷,未生之惡法令不起,未生之善法令生,已生之善法令增長滿具。即謂能求方便精勤。(七)正念,又作諦意。即以自共相觀身、受、心、法等四者。(八)正定,又作諦定。即離欲惡不善之法,成就初禪乃至四禪。
八聖道乃眾生從迷界之此岸渡到悟界之彼岸所持之力,故以船、筏為譬,有八道船、八筏之稱;又如車輪之輻、轂、輞相互助車轉動,故亦譬稱八輪。又此為聖者遊行之所,故又作八遊行、八由行。反之,邪見、邪思、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定,稱為八邪、八邪行。﹝中阿含卷七分別聖諦經、四諦論卷四、大毗婆沙論卷九十六﹞

<--- 佛學大辭典 --->
八正道
(術語)總謂之八正道分。俱舍作八聖道支。聖者正也,其道離偏邪,故曰正道。又聖者之道,故謂之聖道(A^ryama%rga,巴Ari^yamagga)。玄應音義三曰:“八由行,又作遊行,又作道行,或作直行,或言八直道,亦言八聖道,或言八正道,其義一也。”一、正見Samyak-dr!s!ti,巴Samma%-dit!t!hi(正者Samyak及Samma%也,以下略之),見苦集滅道四諦之理而明之也。以無漏之慧為體,是八正道之主體也。二、正思惟(一sam%kalpa,巴一sam%kappa),既見四諦之理,尚思惟而使真智增長也。以無漏之心所為體。三、正語(-va%c,巴-va%ca%),以真智修口業不作一切非理之語也。以無漏之戒為體。四、正業(-karma%nta,巴-kammanta),以真智除身之一切邪業住于清淨之身業也。以無漏之戒為體。五、正命(-a%jiva,巴同),清淨身口意之三業,順于正法而活命,離五種之邪活法(謂之五邪命)也。以無漏之戒為體。六、正精進(-vya%ya%ma,巴-va%ya%ma),發用真智而強修涅之道也。以無漏之勤為體。七、正念(-smr!ti,巴-sati),以真智憶念正道而無邪念也。以無漏之念為體。八、正定(-sama%dhi,巴同),以真智入于無漏清淨之禪定也。以無漏之定為體。此八法盡離邪非,故謂之正。能到涅,故謂之道。總為無漏,不取有漏,是見道位之行法也。七覺支者,修道之行法也,經以七覺八正為次第者,是數之次第,非修之次第也。此中正見之一,是八正道中之主體,故為道,亦為道分道支,餘七者是道分道支而非道也。

<--- 三藏法數 --->
八正道
﹝出法界次第﹞ 謂此八法不依偏邪而行,故名為正。復能通至涅槃,故名為道。(梵語涅槃,華言滅度。) 〔一、正見〕,謂人修無漏道,見四諦分明,破外道有無等種種邪見,是為正見。(無漏道者即戒定慧。修此道者,能斷三界有漏生死也。四諦者,苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦也。) 〔二、正思惟〕,謂人見四諦時,正念思惟,觀察籌量,令觀增長,是為正思惟。 〔三、正語〕,謂人以無漏智慧,常攝口業,遠離一切虛妄不實之語,是為正語。 〔四、正業〕,謂人以無漏智慧,修攝其心,住於清淨正業,斷除一切邪妄之行,是為正業。(清淨正業者,謂戒定慧等出世之善業也。) 〔五、正命〕,謂出家之人,當離五種邪命利養,常以乞食自活其命,是為正命。(五種邪命者,一詐現異相,二自說功能,三占相吉凶,四高聲現威,五說所得利以動人心也。) 〔六、正精進〕,不雜名精,無間名進。謂人勤修戒定慧之道,一心專精,無有間歇,是名正精進。 〔七、正念〕,謂人思念戒定慧正道及五停心助道之法,堪能進至涅槃,是名正念。(五停心者,多散眾生數息觀、多貪眾生不淨觀、多瞋眾生慈悲觀、愚癡眾生因緣觀、多障眾生念佛觀也。) 〔八、正定〕,謂人攝諸散亂,身心寂靜,正住真空之理,決定不移,是名正定。
不邪曰正,能通曰道。一、正見,謂能見真理也。二、正思惟,謂心無邪念也。三、正語,謂言無虛妄也。四、正業,謂白淨善業也。五、正命,謂依法乞食活命也。六、正精進,謂修諸道行無間雜也。七、正念,謂專心憶念善法也。八、正定,謂一心住於真空之理也。

 

<--- Chin-Eng-Buddhist --->
八正道
(八正道分) Āryamārga. The eight right or correct ways, the "eightfold noble path" for the arhat to nirvāṇa; also styled 八道船, 八正門, 八由行, 八游行, 八聖道支, 八道行, 八直行, 八直道. The eight are: (1) 正見Samyag-dṛṣṭi, correct views in regard to the Four Axioms, and freedom from the common delusion. (2) 正思 Samyak-saṁkalpa, correct thought and purpose. (3) 正語 Samyag-vāc, correct speech, avoidance of false and idle talk. (4) 正業 Samyak-karmānta, correct deed, or conduct, getting rid of all improper action so as to dwell in purity. (5) 正命 Smnyag-ājīva, correct livelihood or occupation, avoiding the five immoral occupations. (6) 正精進 Samyag-vyāyāma, correct zeal, or energy in uninterrupted progress in the way of nirvāṇa. (7) 正念 Samyak-smṛti, correct remembrance, or memory, which retains the true and excludes the false. (8) 正定 Samyak-samadhi, correct meditation, absorption, or abstraction. The 正 means of course Buddhist orthodoxy, anything contrary to this being 邪 or heterodox, and wrong.    [Soothill]

The correct (noble) eightfold path, taught by Śākyamuni in his first sermon, and which remains one of the cornerstones of Buddhist practice. Also written 八聖道. Eight types of practices used in conjuction with each other to lead sentient beings to liberation. These are: (1) right view 正見; (2) right thought 正思惟, (3) right speech 正語; (4) right action 正業; (5) right livelihood 正命; (6) right effort 正精進; (7) right mindfulness 正念 and (8) right concentration 正定. (āryāṣṭāṅgo-mārgo)    [EngBuddhist]

 

<--- Bulkwang --->
八正道
梵語 āryāṣṭāṅgika-mārga。八種求趣涅槃之正道。又作八聖道、八支正道、八聖道分、八道行、八直行、八正、八道、八支、八法、八路。乃三十七道品中,最能代表佛教之實踐法門,即八種通向涅槃解脫之正確方法或途徑。釋尊轉法輪時,所說離樂欲及苦行之二邊,趨向中道者,即指此八正道。八者即:(一)正見,又作諦見。即見苦是苦,集是集,滅是滅,道是道,有善惡業,有善惡業報,有此世彼世,有父母,世有真人往至善處,去善向善,於此世彼世自覺自證成就。(二)正思惟,又作正志、正分別、正覺或諦念。即謂無欲覺、恚覺及害覺。(三)正語,又作正言、諦語。即離妄言、兩舌、惡口、綺語等。(四)正業,又作正行、諦行。即離殺生、不與取等。(五)正命,又作諦受。即捨咒術等邪命,如法求衣服、飲食、床榻、湯藥等諸生活之具。(六)正精進,又作正方便、正治、諦法、諦治。發願已生之惡法令斷,未生之惡法令不起,未生之善法令生,已生之善法令增長滿具。即謂能求方便精勤。(七)正念,又作諦意。即以自共相觀身、受、心、法等四者。(八)正定,又作諦定。即離欲惡不善之法,成就初禪乃至四禪。
八聖道乃眾生從迷界之此岸渡到悟界之彼岸所持之力,故以船、筏為譬,有八道船、八筏之稱;又如車輪之輻、轂、輞相互助車轉動,故亦譬稱八輪。又此為聖者遊行之所,故又作八遊行、八由行。反之,邪見、邪思、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定,稱為八邪、八邪行。〔中阿含卷七分別聖諦經、四諦論卷四、大毘婆沙論卷九十六〕#p280

 

<--- Soothill-Hodous Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms --->
八正道
(八正道分) Āryamārga. The eight right or correct ways, the "eightfold noble path" for the arhat to nirvāṇa; also styled 八道船, 八正門, 八由行, 八游行, 八聖道支, 八道行, 八直行, 八直道. The eight are: (1) 正見Samyag-dṛṣṭi, correct views in regard to the Four Axioms, and freedom from the common delusion. (2) 正思 Samyak-saṁkalpa, correct thought and purpose. (3) 正語 Samyag-vāc, correct speech, avoidance of false and idle talk. (4) 正業 Samyak-karmānta, correct deed, or conduct, getting rid of all improper action so as to dwell in purity. (5) 正命 Smnyag-ājīva, correct livelihood or occupation, avoiding the five immoral occupations. (6) 正精進 Samyag-vyāyāma, correct zeal, or energy in uninterrupted progress in the way of nirvāṇa. (7) 正念 Samyak-smṛti, correct remembrance, or memory, which retains the true and excludes the false. (8) 正定 Samyak-samadhi, correct meditation, absorption, or abstraction. The 正 means of course Buddhist orthodoxy, anything contrary to this being 邪 or heterodox, and wrong.

<--- Various Buddhist --->
八正道
(術語)總謂之八正道分。俱舍作八聖道支。聖者正也,其道離偏邪,故曰正道。又聖者之道,故謂之聖道(Āryamārga,巴Arīyamagga)。玄應音義三曰:「八由行,又作遊行,又作道行,或作直行,或言八直道,亦言八聖道,或言八正道,其義一也。」一、正見Samyak-dṛṣti,巴Sammā-diṭṭhi(正者Samyak及Sammā也,以下略之),見苦集滅道四諦之理而明之也。以無漏之慧為體,是八正道之主體也。二、正思惟(一saṁkalpa,巴一saṁkappa),既見四諦之理,尚思惟而使真智增長也。以無漏之心所為體。三、正語(-vāc,巴-vācā),以真智修口業不作一切非理之語也。以無漏之戒為體。四、正業(-karmānta,巴-kammanta),以真智除身之一切邪業住於清淨之身業也。以無漏之戒為體。五、正命(-ājiva,巴同),清淨身口意之三業,順於正法而活命,離五種之邪活法(謂之五邪命)也。以無漏之戒為體。六、正精進(-vyāyāma,巴-vāyāma),發用真智而強修涅槃之道也。以無漏之勤為體。七、正念(-smṛti,巴-sati),以真智憶念正道而無邪念也。以無漏之念為體。八、正定(-samādhi,巴同),以真智入於無漏清淨之禪定也。以無漏之定為體。此八法盡離邪非,故謂之正。能到涅槃,故謂之道。總為無漏,不取有漏,是見道位之行法也。七覺支者,修道之行法也,經以七覺八正為次第者,是數之次第,非修之次第也。此中正見之一,是八正道中之主體,故為道,亦為道分道支,餘七者是道分道支而非道也。    [Dfb]

又名八聖道,即八條聖者的道法。一、正見,即正確的知見。二、正思惟,即正確的思考。三、正語,即正當的言語。四、正業,即正當的行為。五、正命,即正當的職業。六、正精進,即正當的努力。七、正念,即正確的觀念。八、正定,即正確的禪定。修此八正道,可證得阿羅漢果。    [ChenYi]

﹝出法界次第﹞##謂此八法不依偏邪而行,故名為正。復能通至涅槃,故名為道。(梵語涅槃,華言滅度。)##〔一、正見〕,謂人修無漏道,見四諦分明,破外道有無等種種邪見,是為正見。(無漏道者即戒定慧。修此道者,能斷三界有漏生死也。四諦者,苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦也。)##〔二、正思惟〕,謂人見四諦時,正念思惟,觀察籌量,令觀增長,是為正思惟。##〔三、正語〕,謂人以無漏智慧,常攝口業,遠離一切虛妄不實之語,是為正語。##〔四、正業〕,謂人以無漏智慧,修攝其心,住於清淨正業,斷除一切邪妄之行,是為正業。(清淨正業者,謂戒定慧等出世之善業也。)##〔五、正命〕,謂出家之人,當離五種邪命利養,常以乞食自活其命,是為正命。(五種邪命者,一詐現異相,二自說功能,三占相吉凶,四高聲現威,五說所得利以動人心也。)##〔六、正精進〕,不雜名精,無間名進。謂人勤修戒定慧之道,一心專精,無有間歇,是名正精進。##〔七、正念〕,謂人思念戒定慧正道及五停心助道之法,堪能進至涅槃,是名正念。(五停心者,多散眾生數息觀、多貪眾生不淨觀、多瞋眾生慈悲觀、愚癡眾生因緣觀、多障眾生念佛觀也。)##〔八、正定〕,謂人攝諸散亂,身心寂靜,正住真空之理,決定不移,是名正定。    [SanZunFaSu]

不邪曰正,能通曰道。一、正見,謂能見真理也。二、正思惟,謂心無邪念也。三、正語,謂言無虛妄也。四、正業,謂白淨善業也。五、正命,謂依法乞食活命也。六、正精進,謂修諸道行無間雜也。七、正念,謂專心憶念善法也。八、正定,謂一心住於真空之理也。    [SanZunFaSu]

<--- yusig --->
八正道
八種求趣涅槃的正道。又作八聖道、八支正道、八聖道分,為四聖諦的道諦,三十七道品中最能代表佛教的實踐法門,即八種通向涅槃解脫之正確方法或途徑。釋尊轉法輪時,所說離樂欲及苦行二邊,趨向中道者,即指此八正道。八者即:正見,又作諦見。即見苦是苦,集是集,滅是滅,道是道,有善惡業,有善惡業報,有此世彼世,有父母,世有真人往至善處,去善向善,於此世彼世自覺自證成就。二、正思惟,又作正志、正分別。即謂無欲覺、恚覺及害覺。三、正語,又作正言。即離妄言、兩舌、惡口、綺語等。四、正業,又作正行。即離殺生、不與取等。五、正命,又作諦受。即舍咒術等邪命,如法求衣服、飲食、床榻、湯藥等諸生活之具。六、正精進,又作正方便、正治、諦法、諦治。發願已生之惡法令斷,未生之惡法令不起,未生之善法令生,已生之善法令增長滿具。即謂能求方便精勤。七、正念,又作諦意。即以自共相觀身、受、心、法等四者。八、正定,又作諦定。即離欲惡不善之法,成就初禪乃至四禪。八聖道乃眾生從迷界的此岸,渡到悟界的彼岸所持之力,故以船、筏為譬。與八正道相反的,為邪見、邪思、邪語、邪業、邪命、邪精進、邪念、邪定,此八者災為八邪行。見《四諦論》卷四。

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